Table 4 |
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|
Food items (and their percent contribution) that were the top contributors to intake of phytoestrogens, overall and by race-ethnicity. |
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|
All women (n = 6,584) |
White (n = 3,959) |
Black (n = 739) |
Hispanic (n = 1,446) |
Other (n = 412) |
|
|
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|
Total Phytoestrogens* |
||||
|
Oranges (10) |
Oranges (7)* |
Oranges (12) |
Refried Beans (14) |
Oranges (12) |
|
Refried Beans (7) |
Broccoli (7) |
Yams or Sweet Potatoes (8) |
Oranges (12) |
Broccoli (6) |
|
Broccoli (6) |
Cereals (7) |
Broccoli (6) |
Avocado or Guacamole (5) |
Refried Beans (6) |
|
Cereals (6) |
Skim or Low Fat Milk (7) |
Cereal (6) |
Broccoli (5) |
Carrots, cooked (5) |
|
Carrots, raw (5) |
Carrots, Raw (6) |
Whole Milk (5) |
Beans or lentils, baked or dry (4) |
Orange juice (4) |
|
Isoflavones* |
||||
|
Oranges (11) |
Skim or low fat milk (17) |
Whole milk (15) |
Refried Beans (18) |
Oranges (15) |
|
Skim or low fat milk (11) |
Oranges (8) |
Oranges (14) |
Oranges (14) |
Whole milk (10) |
|
Whole Milk (10) |
Cereals (7) |
Cereal (9) |
Whole milk (12) |
Skim or low fat milk (9) |
|
Refried Beans (8) |
Whole milk (7) |
Skim or low fat milk (5) |
Cereals (6) |
Refried Beans (7) |
|
Cereal (7) |
Yogurt (4) |
String beans (4) |
Beans or lentils, baked or dried (46) |
Cereal (6) |
|
Lignans* |
||||
|
Broccoli (8) |
Broccoli (10) |
Yams or sweet potatoes (12) |
Refried Beans (14) |
Oranges (10) |
|
Oranges (8) |
Carrots, raw (8) |
Oranges (11) |
Oranges (10) |
Broccoli (9) |
|
Carrots, raw (7) |
Cereals (7) |
Broccoli (9) |
Broccoli (6) |
Carrots, cooked (7) |
|
Refried Beans (6) |
Oranges (6) |
Peaches, apricots, plums, or nectarines (7) |
Avocado or guacamole (6) |
Yams or sweet potatoes (6) |
|
Carrots, cooked (6) |
Other fruits, fresh, frozen, or canned (6) |
Cereal (6) |
Peaches, apricots, plums, or nectarines (6) |
Peaches, apricots, plums, or nectarines (6) |
|
Coumestrol* |
||||
|
Orange Juice (39) |
Orange juice (39) |
Orange juice (43) |
Orange juice (37) |
Orange juice (41) |
|
Oranges (11) |
Skim or low fat milk (13) |
Oranges (13) |
Oranges (15) |
Oranges (14) |
|
Skim or low fat milk (8) |
Oranges (8) |
Whole milk (7) |
Whole milk (6) |
Skim or low fat milk (6) |
|
Whole Milk (5) |
Broccoli (4) |
Cereal (4) |
Cereal (5) |
Whole milk (5) |
|
Broccoli (4) |
White bread, including pita bread (3) |
Broccoli (4) |
Refried Beans (4) |
Broccoli (4) |
|
|
||||
|
* Percentage contribution of each food item to total intake of each phytoestrogen is included in parentheses; numbers may not add to 100% due to rounding ** Intake at least once per month during the year before pregnancy. |
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|
Carmichael et al. Nutrition Journal 2011 10:105 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-105 |
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