Table 2 |
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|
Characteristics of India Health Study participants who completed Diet and Medical Histories |
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|
Delhi |
Trivandrum |
Mumbai |
|
|
Characteristic |
n = 824 |
n = 2,247 |
n = 743 |
|
|
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|
Age distribution, yrs |
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|
35 to 39 |
32 |
21 |
16 |
|
40 to 49 |
31 |
33 |
31 |
|
50 to 59 |
23 |
29 |
31 |
|
60 to 69 |
14 |
17 |
22 |
|
Female,% |
53 |
50 |
52 |
|
Highest education attained,% |
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|
Middle school |
34 |
44 |
38 |
|
Secondary school |
27 |
46 |
56 |
|
University |
39 |
10 |
5 |
|
Married,% |
94 |
93 |
81 |
|
Household monthly income, INR,% |
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|
<5,000 |
6 |
69 |
36 |
|
5,000-10,000 |
18 |
27 |
45 |
|
>10,000 |
76 |
4 |
19 |
|
Primary religion,% |
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|
Hindu |
77 |
34 |
57 |
|
Muslim |
3 |
34 |
<1 |
|
Christian |
<1 |
32 |
5 |
|
Other (Sikh, Buddhist, Jain) |
20 |
<1 |
38 |
|
History of tobacco use |
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|
None |
81 |
73 |
50 |
|
Smokeless (chewing, snuff, betel) |
3 |
5 |
44 |
|
Smoke (cigarettes, bidi, hukka) |
16 |
22 |
6 |
|
History of alcohol use |
|||
|
No |
79 |
85 |
79 |
|
Yes |
21 |
16 |
21 |
|
Physical activity, MET-hr/wk* |
42.8 (45.6) |
153.2 (107.9) |
179.1 (141.5) |
|
Obesity†,% |
56 |
49 |
46 |
|
Abdominal adiposity§,% |
92 |
90 |
86 |
|
Dyslipidemia¥,% |
56 |
- |
- |
|
Diabetes∫,% |
18 |
28 |
10 |
|
Medical history |
10 |
17 |
10 |
|
Fasting plasma glucose test ≥ 126 mg/dl |
8 |
11 |
- |
|
Hypertension≠,% |
47 |
51 |
46 |
|
Medical history |
18 |
16 |
20 |
|
SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg |
29 |
35 |
26 |
|
Dietary intake,% of total energy* |
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|
Fat |
41.1 (4.9) |
23.3 (5.8) |
39.7 (5.3) |
|
Carbohydrate |
48.2 (5.4) |
60.5 (6.2) |
47.3 (5.4) |
|
Protein |
12.1 (1.6) |
15.0 (2.2) |
13.7 (2.1) |
|
|
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|
Abbreviations: INR, Indian Rupee; MET, metabolic equivalents of task All estimates exclude missing data. * Presented as mean and standard deviation (SD) † Body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2; WHO universal cutpoint for overweight and suggested Asian-specific cut-point for obesity § Waist-to-hip ratio ≥ 0.90 cm in males or 0.80 cm in females ¥ HDL < 40 mg/dl in males or 50 mg/dl in females, triglycerides > 200 mg/dl, total cholesterol to HDL ratio ≥ 5 ∫ Positive medical history (self-report) with current medication use or fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl ≠ Positive medical history (self-report) with current medication use or SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg |
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|
Daniel et al. Nutrition Journal 2011 10:12 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-12 |
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