Table 3

Top 10 loading food items* for primary and secondary factors by region, India Health Study

Delhi (n = 824)

Trivandrum (n = 2,247)

Mumbai (n = 743)

Food item

1°

2°

Food item

1°

2°

Food item

1°

2°

1

other white fruit^║

56

-

pulses with vegetables

64

-

orange vegetables

59

-

2

palak paneer/green leafy mixed dish

52

-

tea

61

-

green fruit

57

-

3

sandwiches^¶

52

-

fermented pulse and rice/dosa

52

-

orange fruit

56

-

4

pulses with rice/khichri

48

-

other mixed vegetable dishes^‡

50

-

cauliflower/radish/cruciferous

45

-

5

non-citrus fruit juice

46

-

plain rice

45

-50

tea

-44

-

6

soups

45

-

chutneys

44

-

curd/yogurt

43

-

7

other fruits, local/exotic

43

-

cabbage/green leafy cruciferous

41

-

chutneys

43

32

8

chutneys

43

-

other green vegetables^†

38

-

other white fruit^║

41

-

9

eggplant/purple vegetables

41

-

fermented rice

36

-

gourd vegetables

41

-

10

pilaf/mixed rice

40

-

potato

30

-

upma/paratha/wheat with fat

40

-

1

potato with other green vegetables^†

-

57

cereal-based sweets^§

-

46

fried savory snacks, fresh^§

-

67

2

gourd vegetable

-

54

pulse-based sweets^§

-

43

egg

-

58

3

spinach/green leafy vegetables

-

48

fried savory snacks, fresh^§

-

39

spinach/green leafy vegetables

-

-53

4

tea

-

46

red vegetables

-

36

fried savory snacks, dry^§

-

45

5

cauliflower/radish/cruciferous vegetables

-

45

fried savory snacks, dry^§

-

35

potato with other green vegetables^†

-

-43

6

pulses with skin

-

44

fresh fish

-

-34

eggplant/purple vegetables

-

-40

7

fried savory snacks, fresh^§

-

-44

banana

-

30

potato with cruciferous vegetables

-

-37

8

upma/paratha/wheat with fat

-

-42

eggplant/purple vegetables

-

30

pulses with skin

-

-35

9

biscuits

-

41

ice cream/kulfi/sorbet

-

32

10

pickles

-

-37

nuts

-

31

N = 824; 2,247; 743 in Delhi, Trivandrum, and Mumbai, respectively

*Rotated factor pattern; values (correlation coefficients) are multiplied by 100 and rounded to the nearest integer; top factor loadings (≥|30|) for food items are presented; factor loadings <30 are not shown for simplicity

^║other than banana (e.g., lichi, pear, guava, musk melon, quince)

^¶not including hamburgers/fast-food, e.g., vegetable, chicken, or cheese sandwiches;

^†other than leafy or cruciferous (e.g., peas, capsicum, ladies finger)

^‡vegetable curries and stews (e.g., avial, theeyal)

^§Indian snacks/sweets: fresh fried savory (e.g., vada, samosa); dry fried savory (e.g., murukku, fruit chips); non-fried savory (e.g., vegetable puff, mince pie, dhokla); cereal-based sweet (e.g., halwa, rice puttu, diwali); milk-based sweet (e.g., custard, khoa); pulse-based sweet (e.g., ladoo, puran poli); fruit/vegetable-based sweet (e.g., carrot/gourd halwa, fried bananas)

Daniel et al. Nutrition Journal 2011 10:12   doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-12