Table 3 |
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Relationship between energy-adjusted micronutrients intakes and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a case-control study in Iran1 |
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Micronutrients |
Tertiles of Intake2 OR (95%CI) |
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|
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|
Model 13 |
Model 24 |
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|
|
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|
Tertile16 |
Tertile2 |
Tertile3 |
P-trend7 |
Tertile 15 |
Tertile 2 |
Tertile 3 |
P-trend6 |
|
|
Vitamin A, RAE Number |
1.00 (48) |
0.82 (0.19-1.50) (49) |
0.93 (0.50-2.86) (46) |
0.94 |
1.00 |
0.83 (0.09-1.86) |
0.72 (0.38-2.12) |
0.53 |
|
β-carotene, μg Number |
1.00 (48) |
1.59 (0.32-2.86) (47) |
1.29 (0.51-3.65) (48) |
0.71 |
1.00 |
1.21 (0.13-2.68) |
1.07 (0.81-2.13) |
0.14 |
|
Vitamin D, μg Number |
1.00 (48) |
1.10 (0.62-1.75) (47) |
0.28 (0.17-0.89) (48) |
<0.001 |
1.00 |
0.84 (0.39-2.74) |
0.28 (0.02-0.91) |
<0.001 |
|
Vitamin E, mg TE Number |
1.00 (47) |
0.19 (0.03-0.94) (48) |
0.07 (0.01-0.63) (48) |
<0.001 |
1.00 |
0.32 (0.12-0.91) |
0.11 (0.03-0.74) |
<0.001 |
|
α-tocopherol, mg Number |
1.00 (47) |
0.61 (0.12-0.95) (48) |
0.26 (0.09-0.74) (48) |
<0.001 |
1.00 |
0.86 (0.14-1.17) |
0.47 (0.02-1.85) |
0.31 |
|
Thiamine, mg Number |
1.00 (47) |
0.57(0.21-2.73) (48) |
0.41 (0.05-0.89) (48) |
0.04 |
1.00 |
0.85 (0.61-1.58) |
0.34 (0.06-2.85) |
0.97 |
|
Riboflavin, mg Number |
1.00 (47) |
0.90 (0.22-1.85) (48) |
0.33 (0.15-0.87) (48) |
<0.001 |
1.00 |
1.90 (0.17-2.12) |
0.22 (0.07-0.86) |
0.01 |
|
Niacin, mg Number |
1.00 (48) |
0.37 (0.06-2.10) (47) |
0.48 (0.10-1.69) (48) |
0.17 |
1.00 |
0.86 (0.05-2.63) |
0.38 (0.15-1.82) |
0.09 |
|
Panthothenic acid, mg Number |
1.00 (47) |
0.55 (0.07-2.16) (48) |
0.86 (0.29-1.11) (48) |
0.50 |
1.00 |
0.86 (0.20-1.18) |
0.49 (0.35-2.08) |
0.74 |
|
Vitamin B6, mg Number |
1.00 (47) |
0.48 (0.15-0.79) (47) |
0.11(0.08-0.93) (49) |
<0.001 |
1.00 |
0.76 (0.12-2.33) |
0.17 (0.05-0.91) |
0.003 |
|
Folate, μg Number |
1.00 (48) |
0.26 (0.07-0.90) (47) |
0.08 (0.01-0.92) (48) |
<0.001 |
1.00 |
0.32 (0.01-0.57) |
0.08 (0.02-0.90) |
<0.001 |
|
Vitamin B12, μg Number |
1.00 (47) |
0.58(0.19-1.83) (49) |
1.02 (0.39-2.12) (47) |
0.14 |
1.00 |
0.87 (0.10-2.61) |
1.33 (0.60-3.03) |
0.15 |
|
Vitamin C, mg Number |
1.00 (47) |
0.69 (0.13-0.75) (49) |
0.39 (0.11-0.84) (48) |
0.02 |
1.00 |
0.76 (0.09-2.43) |
0.37 (0.11-0.93) |
0.02 |
|
Iron, mg Number |
1.00 (47) |
0.51 (0.07-0.93) (49) |
0.69 (0.17-2.60) (47) |
0.66 |
1.00 |
0.72 (0.35-1.63) |
0.61 (0.22-2.48) |
0.13 |
|
Calcium, mg Number |
1.00 (47) |
0.27(0.12-0.87) (49) |
0.17 (0.03-0.94) (47) |
<0.001 |
1.00 |
0.51 (0.17-1.82) |
0.49 (0.15-0.87) |
0.03 |
|
Phosphorous, mg Number |
1.00 (48) |
1.09 (0.62-3.29) (47) |
0.77 (0.01-2.56) (48) |
0.62 |
1.00 |
1.35 (0.11-2.95) |
1.31 (0.36-2.60) |
0.92 |
|
Potassium, mg Number |
1.00 (48) |
0.51 (0.07-1.98) (47) |
0.24 (0.11-0.78) (48) |
0.03 |
1.00 |
0.51 (0.18-2.93) |
0.23 (0.03-1.76) |
0.44 |
|
Sodium, mg Number |
1.00 (48) |
1.13 (0.22-2.07) (47) |
1.52 (1.17-3.44) (48) |
<0.001 |
1.00 |
1.17 (1.05-2.15) |
1.49 (1.12-2.89) |
<0.001 |
|
Zinc, mg Number |
1.00 (47) |
0.79 (0.16-0.73) (48) |
0.49 (0.11-0.85) (48) |
0.01 |
1.00 |
1.39 (0.58-2.17) |
0.73 (0.12-0.98) |
0.01 |
|
Methionine, g Number |
1.00 (47) |
0.85 (0.09-2.34) (48) |
0.63 (0.09-0.96) (48) |
<0.001 |
1.00 |
0.79 (0.06-1.98) |
0.29 (0.13-0.95) |
0.004 |
|
Selenium, μg Number |
1.00 (47) |
0.32 (0.12-0.94) (48) |
0.12 (0.04-0.69) (48) |
0.03 |
1.00 |
0.63 (0.12-0.91) |
0.15 (0.01-0.76) |
<0.001 |
|
|
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|
OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; RAE = Retinol Activity Equivalents; TE= Tocopherol Equivalents 1Only micronutrients from food sources are considered. 2Nutrient intakes are adjusted for energy intake using the residual method [56] 3Base model; adjusted for age (years) and sex (male/female) 4Fully-adjusted model; adjusted for age (years), sex (male/female), gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms (yes/no), body mass index (≤24.9, >24.9 kg/m2), smoking status (never/former/current), smoking intensity and duration (<20, ≥20 pack-years), physical activity (MET) (light/heavy), and education level (illiterate, literate). 5Reference category 6The P-value for trend was calculated using the linear regression coefficient for the tertiles of micronutrient intake |
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Jessri et al. Nutrition Journal 2011 10:137 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-137 |
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