Table 2 |
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|
Current recommendations for dietary factors associated with increased cancer risk |
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|
Factor |
Recommendation |
Source |
|
|
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|
Red and processed meat |
||
|
• Limit consumption of processed and red meats. |
ACS [3] |
|
|
• People who eat red meat to consume less than 500 g (18 oz) a week, very little if any to be processed. |
AICR [1] |
|
|
• When selecting and preparing meat, make choices that are lean, low-fat, or fat-free. |
DGA [26] |
|
|
• Those who are not vegetarian are advised to moderate consumption of preserved meat. |
WHO [6] |
|
|
Refined sugars |
||
|
• Limit consumption of refined carbohydrates. |
ACS [3] |
|
|
• Reduce the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and foods. |
AHA [25] |
|
|
• Avoid sugary drinks. Limit refined, starchy foods. |
AICR [1] |
|
|
• Choose and prepare foods and beverages with little added sugars or caloric sweeteners. |
DGA [26] |
|
|
Energy-dense foods |
||
|
• Limit consumption of energy-dense foods. Consume 'fast foods' sparingly, if at all. |
AICR [1] |
|
|
Salt |
||
|
• Avoid salt-preserved, salted, or salty foods; preserve foods without using salt. Limit consumption of processed foods with added salt to ensure an intake of less than 6 g (2.4 g sodium) a day. |
AICR [1] |
|
|
• Reduce salt intake, including salt from processed foods. |
AHA [25] |
|
|
• Consume less than 2,300 mg (approximately 1 teaspoon of salt) of sodium per day. |
DGA [26] |
|
|
• Overall consumption of salt-preserved foods and salt should be moderate. |
WHO [6] |
|
|
Alcohol |
||
|
• Drink no more than one drink per day for women or two per day for men. |
ACS [3] |
|
|
• Limit alcohol consumption to no more than two drinks for men and one for women a day. |
AICR [1] |
|
|
• Alcohol should not be consumed by children and adolescents. |
DGA [26] |
|
|
• Consumption of alcoholic beverages is not recommended: if consumed, do not exceed two unitsg per day. |
WHO [6] |
|
|
Mycotoxins |
||
|
• Do not eat moldy grains or legumes. |
AICR [1] |
|
|
• Minimize exposure to aflatoxin in foods. |
WHO [6] |
|
|
Arsenic |
||
|
• Avoid use of any source of water that may be contaminated with arsenic. |
AICR [1] |
|
|
|
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|
Holman and White Nutrition Journal 2011 10:60 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-60 |
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