Table 3 |
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Geometric means (95% CI) of glycemic and inflammatory parameters by categories of black tea consumptiona |
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|
never or < 1 cup per week |
2-6 cups per week |
≥ 1 cup(s) per day |
P trendb |
|
|
|
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|
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) |
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|
Model-1c |
4.86 (4.83 - 4.89) |
4.81 (4.77 - 4.86) |
4.83 (4.80 - 4.86) |
0.144 |
|
Model-2 |
4.78 (4.72 - 4.84) |
4.73 (4.66 - 4.80) |
4.75 (4.68 - 4.81) |
0.115 |
|
HOMA-IR |
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|
Model-1 |
1.55 (1.50 - 1.60) |
1.49 (1.42 - 1.57) |
1.61 (1.55 - 1.67) |
0.141 |
|
Model-2 |
1.43 (1.34 - 1.52) |
1.35 (1.25 - 1.45) |
1.44 (1.35 - 1.54) |
0.579 |
|
HOMA-beta |
||||
|
Model-1 |
101.07 (98.18 - 104.04) |
105.48 (101.04 - 110.13) |
103.83 (100.59 - 107.17) |
0.169 |
|
Model-2 |
103.34 (96.79 - 110.34) |
107.12 (99.69 - 115.10) |
105.49 (98.70 - 112.76) |
0.320 |
|
HbA1c % |
||||
|
Model-1 |
5.79 (5.76 - 5.82) |
5.75 (5.71 - 5.80) |
5.79 (5.76 - 5.82) |
0.987 |
|
Model-2 |
5.73 (5.67 - 5.80) |
5.71 (5.64 - 5.78) |
5.72 (5.66 - 5.79) |
0.698 |
|
Adiponectin: high-molecular weight (µg/ml) |
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|
Model-1 |
1.05 (1.01 - 1.09) |
1.02 (0.96 - 1.08) |
1 (0.96 - 1.05) |
0.110 |
|
Model-2 |
1.03 (0.94 - 1.12) |
1.01 (0.92 - 1.11) |
1 (0.92 - 1.09) |
0.327 |
|
CRP (mg/L) |
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|
Model-1 |
1.50 (1.41 - 1.59) |
1.46 (1.33 - 1.60) |
1.49 (1.40 - 1.59) |
0.929 |
|
Model-2 |
1.34 (1.19 - 1.52) |
1.28 (1.12 - 1.46) |
1.32 (1.17 - 1.5) |
0.730 |
|
|
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|
a HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; HOMA-beta, homeostatic model assessment-beta cell function; CRP, C-reactive protein. Numbers of participants differ across outcomes because participants with outlier values (response values > 4 SD from mean) were excluded. Numbers were as follows: fasting plasma glucose: 2130, 723, 1221 HOMA-IR: 2148, 727, 1233, HOMA-beta: 2143, 725, 1227, HbA1c: 1758, 587, 1008 HMW adiponectin: 2097, 705, 1215; and CRP: 2082, 700, 1213. b P-values were obtained from multiple linear regression models with median cups of tea per week (0, 4,10.5) as predictors and log transformed parameters as dependant variables. c Model-1: adjusted for age (years), sex and ethnicity (Chinese, Malay, Indian). Model-2: adjusted for Model 1 covariates (above) and BMI (kg/m2), physical activity level (kcal/week), education level (primary, secondary, polytechnic/diploma and university), alcohol level (non-drinkers, < 1 serving/day, and ≥ 1 serving/day), cigarette smoking (never-smokers, ex-smokers, current smokers < 10 cigarettes/d, and current smokers ≥ 10 cigarettes/d), history of dyslipidemia (yes/no), history of hypertension (yes/no), and dietary confounders i.e. energy intake (kcal), fiber (per 1000 kcal), cholesterol (per 1000 kcal), PUFA (% energy), MUFA (% energy), SFA (% energy), coffee (never/rarely, < 1 cup per day, 1-2 cup(s) per day, ≥ 3 cups/day) and alternate teas (never or < 1 cup per week, 2-6 cups per week, ≥ 1 cup(s) per day). HOMA-beta models were further adjusted for HOMA-IR. |
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|
Rebello et al. Nutrition Journal 2011 10:61 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-61 |
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