Table 5 |
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|
Associations between protein intakes and socio-economic and lifestyle-related factors by multiple linear regression |
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|
Animal protein and specific main sources |
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|
Predictor variablesa, |
Total animal protein |
Dairy proteinb |
Meat proteinc |
Poultry protein |
Fish protein |
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|
β |
95% CI |
P |
β |
95% CI |
P |
β |
95% CI |
P |
β |
95% CI |
P |
β |
95% CI |
P |
||||||
|
|
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|
Lower secondary educated mother |
15.68 |
-12.20 |
43.55 |
0.270 |
-3.00 |
-6.39 |
0.39 |
0.083 |
-6.33 |
-15.37 |
2.71 |
0.170 |
0.30 |
-9.79 |
10.40 |
0.953 |
1.11 |
0.16 |
2.05 |
0.022 |
|
Secondary educated mother |
6.42 |
-4.12 |
16.96 |
0.233 |
-0.13 |
-1.56 |
1.30 |
0.859 |
0.22 |
-3.64 |
4.08 |
0.910 |
3.96 |
0.04 |
7.89 |
0.048 |
0.12 |
-0.25 |
0.49 |
0.534 |
|
Lower secondary educated father |
-1.22 |
-4.05 |
1.62 |
0.400 |
-4.14 |
-6.53 |
-1.74 |
0.001 |
-8.65 |
-15.58 |
-1.71 |
0.015 |
-3.26 |
-15.76 |
9.24 |
0.609 |
-1.71 |
-7.62 |
4.20 |
0.570 |
|
Secondary educated father |
-1.77 |
-3.40 |
-0.15 |
0.032 |
-1.94 |
-3.22 |
-0.66 |
0.003 |
-3.77 |
-7.17 |
-0.37 |
0.030 |
-4.47 |
-10.83 |
1.89 |
0.168 |
-0.55 |
-3.55 |
2.46 |
0.722 |
|
Both employed parents |
2.88 |
-27.05 |
32.80 |
0.850 |
-0.57 |
-3.49 |
2.35 |
0.701 |
11.27 |
-1.42 |
23.97 |
0.082 |
0.54 |
-0.82 |
1.90 |
0.438 |
5.64 |
-1.47 |
12.76 |
0.120 |
|
One employed parent |
1.33 |
-30.31 |
32.96 |
0.934 |
0.91 |
-2.21 |
4.03 |
0.567 |
11.47 |
-1.95 |
24.89 |
0.094 |
0.07 |
-1.38 |
1.52 |
0.922 |
7.19 |
-0.33 |
14.72 |
0.061 |
|
Two- parent family |
4.57 |
-56.85 |
65.99 |
0.884 |
4.17 |
-2.04 |
10.37 |
0.188 |
-0.98 |
-27.04 |
25.07 |
0.941 |
5.95 |
-24.94 |
36.84 |
0.706 |
5.62 |
-8.98 |
20.23 |
0.451 |
|
Light physical activity |
-4.42 |
-7.51 |
-1.33 |
0.005 |
-1.20 |
-3.04 |
0.65 |
0.204 |
0.06 |
-0.77 |
0.89 |
0.892 |
2.30 |
-6.24 |
10.83 |
0.598 |
-1.37 |
-6.53 |
3.79 |
0.602 |
|
Moderate physical activity |
-3.39 |
-6.47 |
-0.31 |
0.031 |
-0.94 |
-2.72 |
0.85 |
0.305 |
-0.08 |
-0.88 |
0.72 |
0.839 |
-4.07 |
-12.25 |
4.11 |
0.330 |
-4.41 |
-9.41 |
0.60 |
0.084 |
|
Smoking mother |
7.44 |
-10.50 |
25.38 |
0.416 |
-0.83 |
-2.81 |
1.16 |
0.414 |
1.03 |
-6.58 |
8.64 |
0.791 |
-2.59 |
-11.61 |
6.43 |
0.574 |
1.93 |
-2.34 |
6.20 |
0.375 |
|
Smoking father |
7.49 |
-5.02 |
20.00 |
0.241 |
-0.22 |
-1.83 |
1.39 |
0.788 |
-0.47 |
-5.78 |
4.84 |
0.862 |
-2.56 |
-8.85 |
3.73 |
0.426 |
0.67 |
0.11 |
1.23 |
0.019 |
|
Plant protein and specific main sources |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Total plant protein |
Cereal protein |
Potato and grain protein |
Vegetable Protein |
Fruit Protein |
||||||||||||||||
|
Lower secondary educated mother |
-14.29 |
-23.43 |
-5.15 |
0.002 |
-9.67 |
-15.19 |
-4.15 |
0.001 |
0.58 |
-2.86 |
4.03 |
0.741 |
-0.12 |
-0.40 |
0.17 |
0.421 |
-0.25 |
-0.65 |
0.15 |
0.223 |
|
Secondary educated mother |
-4.08 |
-7.63 |
-0.53 |
0.024 |
-0.96 |
-3.07 |
1.15 |
0.373 |
-0.34 |
-1.79 |
1.11 |
0.647 |
-0.15 |
-0.26 |
-0.03 |
0.012 |
-0.03 |
-0.19 |
0.14 |
0.750 |
|
Lower secondary educated father |
-2.62 |
-13.97 |
8.73 |
0.652 |
0.47 |
-0.31 |
1.26 |
0.239 |
-2.30 |
-5.04 |
0.44 |
0.099 |
-0.14 |
-0.34 |
0.06 |
0.159 |
-0.16 |
-0.43 |
0.11 |
0.248 |
|
Secondary educated father |
3.41 |
-2.36 |
9.19 |
0.247 |
0.21 |
-0.27 |
0.69 |
0.397 |
0.31 |
-1.08 |
1.70 |
0.663 |
-0.14 |
-0.25 |
-0.02 |
0.020 |
-0.22 |
-0.36 |
-0.07 |
0.004 |
|
Both employed parents |
-0.02 |
-1.45 |
1.40 |
0.975 |
-2.18 |
-10.31 |
5.96 |
0.600 |
-1.76 |
-5.06 |
1.54 |
0.295 |
0.05 |
-0.17 |
0.27 |
0.657 |
-0.01 |
-0.34 |
0.31 |
0.928 |
|
One employed parent |
0.26 |
-1.26 |
1.78 |
0.738 |
0.15 |
-8.45 |
8.75 |
0.973 |
-1.97 |
-5.45 |
1.52 |
0.269 |
0.25 |
0.02 |
0.49 |
0.034 |
0.02 |
-0.32 |
0.37 |
0.900 |
|
Two- parent family |
-0.91 |
-2.52 |
0.69 |
0.265 |
-2.12 |
-18.81 |
14.57 |
0.804 |
-3.11 |
-9.88 |
3.65 |
0.367 |
-0.16 |
-0.63 |
0.30 |
0.490 |
-0.01 |
-0.69 |
0.67 |
0.981 |
|
Light physical activity |
-1.61 |
-6.17 |
2.94 |
0.488 |
0.96 |
-2.00 |
3.92 |
0.524 |
-0.10 |
-0.32 |
0.11 |
0.347 |
-0.07 |
-0.21 |
0.08 |
0.373 |
-0.09 |
-0.30 |
0.12 |
0.399 |
|
Moderate physical activity |
-4.93 |
-9.40 |
-0.45 |
0.031 |
-1.05 |
-3.94 |
1.83 |
0.474 |
-0.14 |
-0.35 |
0.08 |
0.212 |
0.03 |
-0.11 |
0.17 |
0.672 |
0.02 |
-0.18 |
0.22 |
0.830 |
|
Smoking mother |
0.77 |
-7.42 |
8.96 |
0.854 |
-0.20 |
-5.08 |
4.67 |
0.936 |
1.34 |
0.11 |
2.63 |
0.033 |
0.09 |
-0.06 |
0.24 |
0.232 |
-0.03 |
-0.24 |
0.19 |
0.811 |
|
Smoking father |
-1.58 |
-7.29 |
4.14 |
0.588 |
-0.38 |
-0.84 |
0.07 |
0.098 |
0.40 |
-0.98 |
1.78 |
0.568 |
0.03 |
-0.10 |
0.15 |
0.690 |
-0.08 |
-0.25 |
0.09 |
0.353 |
|
|
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|
β: coefficient β; CI, confidence interval; NS, not statistically significant. aGLM was controlled for total energy intake, age, gender, nationality, and dietary supplement intake. Higher educated parents, families with both parents unemployed, preschoolers with a high level of physical activity, and non-smoking parents were used as references. bDairy products include the food groups milk and milk products, and cheese. cMeat refers to the food subgroup meat, game, and meat products. |
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|
Lin et al. Nutrition Journal 2011 10:97 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-97 |
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