Table 4 |
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|
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for rhinoconjunctivitis by quartiles of intake of specific fats in 1745 pregnant women, Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study, Japan |
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|
Quartile |
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|
|
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|
Variable |
1 (Lowest) (n = 436) |
2 (n = 436) |
3 (n = 436) |
4 (Highest) (n = 437) |
P for trend |
|
|
|||||
|
Total fat |
|||||
|
Intake, g/day* |
47.2 |
54.7 |
60.4 |
69.7 |
|
|
Prevalence, %† |
23.9 |
25.2 |
25.7 |
28.8 |
|
|
Crude OR (95% CI) |
1.00 |
1.08 (0.79-1.47) |
1.10 (0.81-1.50) |
1.29 (0.96-1.75) |
0.10 |
|
Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ |
1.00 |
1.09 (0.79-1.49) |
1.11 (0.81-1.53) |
1.31 (0.96-1.79) |
0.09 |
|
Saturated fatty acids |
|||||
|
Intake, g/day* |
12.6 |
15.5 |
17.6 |
21.2 |
|
|
Prevalence, %† |
25.7 |
25.2 |
23.6 |
29.1 |
|
|
Crude OR (95% CI) |
1.00 |
0.98 (0.72-1.32) |
0.90 (0.66-1.22) |
1.19 (0.88-1.60) |
0.36 |
|
Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ |
1.00 |
0.99 (0.72-1.35) |
0.96 (0.70-1.32) |
1.20 (0.88-1.63) |
0.29 |
|
Monounsaturated fatty acids |
|||||
|
Intake, g/day* |
15.7 |
18.9 |
21.2 |
25.0 |
|
|
Prevalence, %† |
24.3 |
25.0 |
25.9 |
28.4 |
|
|
Crude OR (95% CI) |
1.00 |
1.04 (0.76-1.41) |
1.09 (0.80-1.48) |
1.23 (0.91-1.67) |
0.16 |
|
Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ |
1.00 |
0.99 (0.72-1.36) |
1.08 (0.79-1.48) |
1.19 (0.87-1.63) |
0.21 |
|
n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids |
|||||
|
Intake, g/day* |
1.7 |
2.1 |
2.4 |
2.9 |
|
|
Prevalence, %† |
25.5 |
25.2 |
24.8 |
28.2 |
|
|
Crude OR (95% CI) |
1.00 |
0.99 (0.73-1.34) |
0.96 (0.71-1.31) |
1.15 (0.85-1.55) |
0.42 |
|
Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ |
1.00 |
0.92 (0.67-1.26) |
0.90 (0.65-1.23) |
1.07 (0.78-1.45) |
0.72 |
|
α-Linolenic acid |
|||||
|
Intake, g/day* |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.8 |
2.2 |
|
|
Prevalence, %† |
25.0 |
23.2 |
28.2 |
27.2 |
|
|
Crude OR (95% CI) |
1.00 |
0.90 (0.66-1.23) |
1.18 (0.87-1.59) |
1.12 (0.83-1.52) |
0.21 |
|
Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ |
1.00 |
0.88 (0.64-1.21) |
1.18 (0.86-1.60) |
1.04 (0.76-1.42) |
0.43 |
|
Eicosapentaenoic acid |
|||||
|
Intake, g/day* |
0.07 |
0.12 |
0.17 |
0.29 |
|
|
Prevalence, %† |
25.7 |
25.2 |
27.1 |
25.6 |
|
|
Crude OR (95% CI) |
1.00 |
0.98 (0.72-1.32) |
1.07 (0.79-1.45) |
1.00 (0.74-1.35) |
0.86 |
|
Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ |
1.00 |
0.91 (0.67-1.25) |
1.00 (0.73-1.37) |
0.93 (0.68-1.28) |
0.81 |
|
Docosahexaenoic acid |
|||||
|
Intake, g/day* |
0.14 |
0.22 |
0.30 |
0.46 |
|
|
Prevalence, %† |
25.2 |
25.2 |
29.4 |
23.8 |
|
|
Crude OR (95% CI) |
1.00 |
1.00 (0.74-1.36) |
1.23 (0.91-1.66) |
0.93 (0.68-1.26) |
0.98 |
|
Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ |
1.00 |
0.93 (0.68-1.27) |
1.13 (0.83-1.54) |
0.88 (0.64-1.21) |
0.73 |
|
n-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acids |
|||||
|
Intake, g/day* |
8.5 |
10.2 |
11.5 |
13.5 |
|
|
Prevalence, %† |
24.3 |
23.2 |
30.1 |
26.1 |
|
|
Crude OR (95% CI) |
1.00 |
0.94 (0.69-1.28) |
1.34 (0.99-1.81) |
1.10 (0.81-1.49) |
0.19 |
|
Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ |
1.00 |
0.91 (0.66-1.26) |
1.34 (0.98-1.83) |
1.05 (0.77-1.45) |
0.29 |
|
Linoleic acid |
|||||
|
Intake, g/day* |
8.3 |
10.0 |
11.3 |
13.1 |
|
|
Prevalence, %† |
24.3 |
23.6 |
29.1 |
26.5 |
|
|
Crude OR (95% CI) |
1.00 |
0.96 (0.71-1.31) |
1.28 (0.95-1.73) |
1.13 (0.83-1.53) |
0.19 |
|
Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ |
1.00 |
0.94 (0.68-1.29) |
1.27 (0.93-1.73) |
1.08 (0.79-1.48) |
0.30 |
|
Arachidonic acid |
|||||
|
Intake, g/day* |
0.09 |
0.12 |
0.14 |
0.18 |
|
|
Prevalence, %† |
25.0 |
24.1 |
28.4 |
26.1 |
|
|
Crude OR (95% CI) |
1.00 |
0.95 (0.70-1.30) |
1.19 (0.88-1.61) |
1.06 (0.78-1.44) |
0.42 |
|
Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ |
1.00 |
0.90 (0.65-1.23) |
1.20 (0.88-1.63) |
1.05 (0.77-1.43) |
0.39 |
|
n-3/n-6 Polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio |
|||||
|
Intake* |
0.17 |
0.19 |
0.21 |
0.25 |
|
|
Prevalence, %† |
24.8 |
26.8 |
27.8 |
24.3 |
|
|
Crude OR (95% CI) |
1.00 |
1.11 (0.82-1.51) |
1.17 (0.86-1.58) |
0.97 (0.71-1.32) |
0.95 |
|
Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ |
1.00 |
1.07 (0.78-1.46) |
1.07 (0.78-1.46) |
0.92 (0.67-1.26) |
0.61 |
|
Cholesterol |
|||||
|
Intake, mg/day* |
182.0 |
244.5 |
308.0 |
402.7 |
|
|
Prevalence, %† |
26.4 |
22.5 |
28.0 |
26.8 |
|
|
Crude OR (95% CI) |
1.00 |
0.81 (0.59-1.10) |
1.09 (0.81-1.46) |
1.02 (0.76-1.38) |
0.48 |
|
Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡ |
1.00 |
0.82 (0.60-1.13) |
1.10 (0.81-1.49) |
1.05 (0.77-1.42) |
0.41 |
|
|
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|
* Values for intake are medians for adjusted energy intake using the residual method for each quartile. † Prevalence of rhinoconjunctivitis based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood for each quartile. ‡ Adjustment for age; gestation; region of residence; number of older siblings; number of children; smoking; secondhand smoke exposure at home and at work; family history of asthma, atopic eczema, and allergic rhinitis; household income; education; and body mass index. |
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|
Miyake et al. Nutrition Journal 2012 11:19 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-11-19 |
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