Table 4
Micronutrient intake of the obese study population compared to DRI and the reference population
Female subjects (n = 76) Male subjects (n = 28)
Micronutrients DRIa Obese study population Reference population (NNS II) Pb Obese subjects [%] below DRI DRIa Obese study population Reference population (NNS II) Pb Obese subjects [%] below DRI
Retinol [μg] 800 629.0 ± 76.57 600.0 ± 0.01 ns 86 1000 594.2 ± 55.92 1000.0 ± 0.01 <.001 89
β-Carotene [mg] 4.8 3.0 ± 0.24 5.4 ± 0.04 <.001 86 6 2.7 ± 0.31 5.1 ± 0.04 <.001 93
Vitamin D [μg] 5 2.5 ± 0.32 2.9 ± 0.03 <.05 87 5 2.4 ± 0.31 3.8 ± 0.04 <.001 93
Vitamin E [mg] 12 11.7 ± 0.56 13.4 ± 0.08 <.05 55 14 11.4 ± 0.80 16.0 ± 0.12 <.05 75
Vitamin B1 [mg] 1 1.2 ± 0.04 1.3 ± 0.01 ns 25 1.2 1.4 ± 0.10 1.8 ± 0.01 <.05 39
Vitamin B2 [mg] 1.2 1.4 ± 0.04 1.7 ± 0.01 <.05 33 1.4 1.5 ± 0.09 2.2 ± 0.02 <.01 39
Niacin-equivalent [mg] 13 31.2 ± 0.98 28.6 ± 0.13 ns 0 16 34.9 ± 1.67 39.8 ± 0.22 ns 0
Vitamin B6 [mg] 1.2 1.5 ± 0.04 2.0 ± 0.01 <.001 24 1.5 1.7 ± 0.09 2.6 ± 0.02 <.01 43
Folate-equivalent [μg] 400 215.2 ± 8.07 290.0 ± 1.94 <.001 99 400 213.4 ± 11.07 338.0 ± 3.09 <.001 100
Vitamin B12 [μg] 3 4.9 ± 0.31 4.3 ± 0.02 ns 30 3 5.7 ± 0.36 6.5 ± 0.04 ns 4
Vitamin C [mg] 100 92.1 ± 5.30 152.0 ± 0.95 <.001 66 100 86.2 ± 8.50 152.0 ± 1.14 <.001 71
Sodium [g] 550 3321.7 ± 119.01 2494.0 ± 9.41 <.001 0 550 3981.6 ± 246.13 3458.0 ± 15.72 <.05 0
Potassium [mg] 2000 2649.1 ± 72.92 3243.0 ± 11.29 <.001 14 2000 2757.2 ± 146.67 3789.0 ± 15.06 <.001 11
Calcium [mg] 1000 979.9 ± 46.72 1019.0 ± 4.33 ns 63 1000 1020.4 ± 75.47 1143.0 ± 5.93 ns 61
Magnesium [mg] 300 365.2 ± 12.23 376.0 ± 1.23 ns 29 350 380.9 ± 23.01 452.0 ± 1.74 <.05 46
Iron [mg] 15 12.9 ± 0.36 12.3 ± 0.04 ns 78 10 14.7 ± 0.79 15.2 ± 0.06 ns 7
Zinc [mg] 7 12.0 ± 0.36 9.5 ± 0.03 <.001 3 10 14.2 ± 0.71 12.3 ± 0.05 <.05 4
Iodine [μg] 200 83.9 ± 4.08 98.0 ± 0.45 ns 99 200 92.8 ± 6.67 107.0 ± 0.5 ns 100

Abbreviations: DRI = Dietary Reference Intake, NNS II = National Nutrition Survey II.

Data are presented as mean ± SE.

a Recommendations for nutrient intake in Germany, Austria and Switzerland (D-A-CH reference values)[18].

b Obese study population compared to German reference population (NNS II).

Damms-Machado et al. Nutrition Journal 2012 11:34   doi:10.1186/1475-2891-11-34

Open Data