Table 1 |
||||||||
| Population characteristics, including information about the variables included in the adjustment model (n = 920) | ||||||||
| Total population (n = 920) | Population with water [As] < 1 μg/L (n = 707) | Population with water [As] between 1 and 10 μg/L (n = 157) | Population with water [As] > 10 μg/L (n = 56) | |||||
| A. Continuous variables | Mean ± 1SD | Mean ± 1SD | Mean ± 1SD | Mean ± 1SD | ||||
| Toenail arsenic (μg/g) | 0.122 ± 0.136 | 0.102 ± 0.096 | 0.149 ± 0.154 | 0.292 ± 0.297 | ||||
| Water arsenic (μg/L) | 2.711 ± 9.978 | 0.269 ± 0.225 | 3.806 ± 2.498 | 30.467 ± 27.942 | ||||
| Age (years) | 61.0 ± 10.0 | 61.1 ± 10.1 | 60.5 ± 9.9 | 61.7 ± 10.1 | ||||
| Water consumption from household supply (L/d) | 1.11 ± 0.77 | 1.11 ± 0.76 | 1.07 ± 0.75 | 1.17 ± 0.94 | ||||
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 1919.1 ± 630.1 | 1907.3 ± 633.8 | 1934.8 ± 600.9 | 2024.6 ± 662.1 | ||||
| B. Categorical variables | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 364 | 39.6 | 280 | 39.6 | 66 | 42.0 | 18 | 32.1 |
| Male | 556 | 60.4 | 427 | 60.4 | 91 | 58.0 | 38 | 67.9 |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Never smoked | 298 | 32.4 | 224 | 31.7 | 57 | 36.3 | 17 | 30.4 |
| Has smoked | 622 | 67.6 | 483 | 68.3 | 100 | 63.7 | 39 | 69.6 |
| Season in which the toenail sample was collected | ||||||||
| Winter | 186 | 20.2 | 142 | 20.1 | 30 | 19.1 | 14 | 25.0 |
| Spring | 182 | 19.8 | 144 | 20.4 | 32 | 20.4 | 6 | 10.7 |
| Summer | 268 | 29.1 | 191 | 27.0 | 52 | 33.1 | 25 | 44.6 |
| Fall | 284 | 30.9 | 230 | 32.5 | 43 | 27.4 | 11 | 19.6 |
| Case–control Status | ||||||||
| Control | 227 | 24.7 | 179 | 25.3 | 33 | 21.0 | 15 | 26.8 |
| Bladder cancer | 275 | 29.9 | 206 | 29.1 | 45 | 28.7 | 24 | 42.9 |
| Basal cell skin cancer | 214 | 23.3 | 162 | 22.9 | 40 | 25.5 | 12 | 21.4 |
| Squamous cell skin cancer | 204 | 22.2 | 160 | 22.6 | 39 | 24.8 | 5 | 8.9 |
| Body mass index | ||||||||
| Normal (<25 kg/m²) | 164 | 17.8 | 119 | 16.8 | 37 | 23.8 | 8 | 14.3 |
| Overweight (≥25 kg/m² & <30 kg/m²) | 176 | 19.1 | 142 | 20.1 | 28 | 17.8 | 6 | 10.7 |
| Obese (≥30 kg/m²) | 73 | 7.9 | 56 | 7.9 | 14 | 8.9 | 3 | 5.4 |
| Missing | 507 | 55.1 | 390 | 55.2 | 78 | 49.7 | 39 | 69.6 |
Gruber et al. Nutrition Journal 2012 11:45 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-11-45
