Table 4 |
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| Results of the physiological test parameters before and after five weeks interventions with 3g/d omega-3 PUFA from fish oil and placebo, respectively | |||||||
| Physiological parameters | Omega-3 | Placebo | |||||
| Before | After | Δ-Omega-31 | Before | After | Δ- Placebo2 | Δ3 | |
| Weigh (kg) | 72.1±2.0 | 72.3±2.0 | 0.2±0.1 | 72.3±2.0 | 72.2±2.0 | −0.1±0.1 | ns |
| Systolic BP (mmhg)4 | 134±3 | 127±3 | −7±2*** | 132±3 | 131±3 | −1±2 | P≤0.05 |
| Diastolic BP (mmhg)5 | 79.2±1.4 | 76.9±1.4 | −2.24±1.0* | 78.8±1.2 | 77.3±1.4 | −1.46±0.8 | ns |
| f-Glucose (mmol/L, n=37) | 5.4±0.1 | 5.5±0.1 | 0.1±0.1 | 5.5±0.1 | 5.4±0.1 | −0.1±0.1 | ns |
| ΔGlucose peak (mmol/L) | 4.2±0.2 | 4.0±0.2 | −0.2±0.2 | 4.3±0.2 | 4.2±0.2 | −0.1±0.2 | ns |
| Glucose 90 min IAUC (mmol*min/L) | 217±13 | 213±11 | −4±1 | 225±10 | 226±11 | 1±10 | ns |
| Insulin (pmol/L)6 | 35±3 | 40±3 | 5±2* | 37±3 | 43±04 | 6±3† | ns |
| FFA (mmol/L)7 | 0.28±0.02 | 0.26±0.02 | −0.03±0.02 | 0.28±0.02 | 0.31±0.02 | 0.03±0.02 | P=0.055 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)8 | 1.63±0.10 | 1.45±0.09 | −0.19±0.07* | 1.58±0.10 | 1.66±0.11 | 0.08±0.07 | P≤0.05 |
| TNF-α (ng/L) | 9.8±1.0 | 9.3±0.9 | −0.48±0.44 | 8.9±0.8 | 8.5±0.8 | −0.43±0.30 | ns |
| Adiponectin (mg/L) | 12±1 | 12±1 | 0±0 | 12±1 | 12±1 | 0±0 | ns |
| Malondialdehyd (μmol/L) | 2.0±0.1 | 2.0±0.1 | 0.1±0.1 | 1.9±0.1 | 2.0±0.1 | 0.1±0.1 | ns |
1 Changes (Δ) in test variables after 5 weeks PUFA supplementation compared with baseline (prior to start of PUFA). 2 Changes (Δ) in test variables after 5 weeks placebo supplementation compared with baseline (prior to start of placebo).
*: p < 0.05, ***: p < 0.001 (ANOVA) with respect to differences from baseline after 5 weeks intervention with PUFA.
†: p < 0.05 (ANOVA) with respect to differences from baseline after 5 weeks intake of the placebo.
3 P-values for differences between effects of PUFA (Δ-PUFA) and effects of placebo (Δ- placebo).
4 The systolic blood pressure was significantly more suppressed after 5 weeks supplementation with omega-3 PUFA compared with after 5 weeks with placebo [F(1,36) = 4.56, p = 0.04, d = 0.46]. The systolic BP was significantly lower after, compared to prior to the omega-3 period [F(1,36) = 14.70, p = 0.0005, d = 0.33]. n=37 in the BP analysis due to one participant failed to rest prior to one measurement.
5 The diastolic BP was significantly lower after, compared to prior to the omega-3 period [F(1,36) = 5.27, p = 0.028, d = 0.26]. There was a tendency toward lower diastolic BP after, compared with prior to the placebo period [F(1,36) = 3.31, p = 0.08, d = 0.19].
6 The s-insulin concentrations were significantly higher after, compared to prior to the omega-3 period [F(1,37) = 6,14, p = 0.018, d = 0.28] and placebo period [F(1,37) = 4.11, p = 0.050, d = 0.30], respectively.
7 There was a tendency towards concentrations of FFA to be more suppressed compared with after the placebo [F(1,37) = 3.94, p = 0.055, d = ], however, the concentrations of FFA after 5 weeks supplementation with omega-3 PUFA did not differ compared to prior omega-3 PUFA.
8The concentrations of s-triglycerides were significantly lower after, compared to prior to the omega-3 period [F(1,37) = 6.87, p = 0.013, d = 0.32], and significantly more suppressed after 5 weeks supplementation with omega-3 PUFA compared with after the placebo [F(1,37) = 4.05, p = 0.05, d = 0.59 ].
Abbreviations: ns: no significant differences between Δ-PUFA and Δ- placebo (ANOVA), f: fasting. P: plasma. S: serum. IAUC: incremental area under the curve. BP: blood pressure.
Values are mean±SEM. Statistical evaluations are performed with analysis of variance (ANOVA general linear model). N = 38, except for evaluation of BP, (n = 37).
Nilsson et al. Nutrition Journal 2012 11:99 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-11-99
