Table 1 |
||||
| The effects of palmvitee supplementation on plasma tocopherol and tocotrienol, α1-antitrypsin in serum and urine cotinine levels in smokers and nonsmokers | ||||
| Weeks | Tocopherol (μg/ml plasma) | |||
| Nonsmokers | Smokers | |||
| Placebo, n = 27 | Palmvitee, n = 29 | Placebo, n = 28 | Palmvitee,n = 30 | |
| 0 | 11.67 ± 3.19 | 11.75 ± 2.27 | 11.58 ± 3.19 | 11.39 ± 3.06 |
| 12 | 10.42 ± 2.17 | 14.22 ± 3.61* | 10.27 ± 3.33 | 13.92 ± 4.17** |
| 24 | 11.52 ± 2.94 | 14.56 ± 3.06* | 11.53 ± 2.78 | 14.11 ± 3.89** |
| Tocotrienol (ng/ml) | ||||
| 0 | 62.49 ± 6.69 | 63.60 ± 5.67 | 60.05 ± 6.39 | 59.49 ± 4.21 |
| 12 | 63.50 ± 7.87 | 656.25 ± 142.50* | 61.27 ± 3.62 | 570.22 ± 98.64** |
| 24 | 60.65 ± 7.13 | 675.16 ± 150.00* | 60.47 ± 3.00 | 587.68 ± 87.50** |
| CCR, (μg/mg creatinine) | ||||
| n = 16 | n = 19 | n = 21 | n = 20 | |
| 0 | 0.052 ± 0.017 | 0.046 ± 0.017 | 0.927 ± 0.734# | 0.941 ± 0.700# |
| 24 | 0.058 ± 0.030 | 0.047 ± 0.017 | 0.866 ± 0.754# | 1.179 ± 0.738# |
| α1-antitripsin(g/L serum) | ||||
| n = 16 | n = 19 | n = 28 | n = 30 | |
| 0 | 1.48 ± 0.31 | 1.49 ± 0.34 | 1.99 ± 0.43# | 1.94 ± 0.31# |
| 24 | 1.47 ± 0.20 | 1.45 ± 0.24 | 1.69 ± 0.37 | 1.75 ± 0.39 |
Results are shown as mean ± SD. * indicates significant difference as compared to nonsmokers taking placebo (p < 0.01), ** indicates significant difference as compared to smokers taking placebo (p < 0.01), # indicates significant difference as compared to nonsmokers (p < 0.0001), CCR represents cotinine:creatinine ratio.
Jubri et al. Nutrition Journal 2013 12:2 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-2
