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Table 2
Anthropometric and metabolic variables before and after intervention in variables throughout the study
	Calcium+D (n=22)		Control (n=21)		P^a
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Time	Treatment	Time×Treatment (adjusted^b)
Body weight (kg)	65.7±7.6 ^c	61.5±7.2	66.3±8.3	62.8±9.7	<0.001	0.69	0.25 (0.16)
BMI (kg/m²)	26.0±1.8	24.2±1.8	25.7±1.7	24.2±2.2	<0.001	0.86	0.22 (0.19)
Fat mass (kg)	20.4±3.3	17.6±3.5	19.8±3.1	17.9±3.9	<0.001	0.73	0.02 (0.01)
Fat percentage (%)	31.0±3.0	28.4±3.5	29.9±2.8	28.4±3.0	<0.001	0.55	0.02 (0.02)
Lean mass (kg)	41.6±5.2	40.5±4.5	42.8±5.9	41.3±6.2	<0.001	0.54	0.31 (0.43)
Visceral fat mass (kg) ^d	2.2±0.5	1.7±0.4	2.1±0.5	1.9±0.6	<0.001	0.75	0.01 (0.01)
VFA (cm²) ^d	56.6±12.2	44.6±12.6	54.7±13.4	48.2±15.5	<0.001	0.85	0.02 (0.02)
Waist (cm)	81.5±4.1	75.2±5.3	80.9±5.6	76.3±6.8	<0.001	0.85	0.34 (0.26)
Systolic BP (mmHg) ^d	119.2±10.5	109.6±9.9	123.0±10.5	111.9±10.4	<0.001	0.20	0.64 (0.67)
Diastolic BP (mmHg) ^d	70.7±7.1	64.2±4.7	70.0±7.8	65.4±6.3	0.001	0.79	0.58 (0.62)
Glucose (mmol/L)	4.62±0.26	4.89±0.37	4.55±0.34	4.91±0.31	<0.001	0.96	0.22 (0.16)
Insulin (mIU/L)	10.49±5.04	9.24±5.36	9.07±4.02	9.23±4.62	0.58	0.52	0.44 (0.41)
TC (mmol/L)	3.89±0.52	3.78±0.61	4.11±0.43	3.93±0.48	0.03	0.58	0.57 (0.42)
TG (mmol/L)	0.76±0.48	0.78±0.25	0.76±0.32	0.86±0.67	0.36	0.75	0.61 (0.61)
HDL (mmol/L)	1.49±0.39	1.59±0.36	1.66±0.34	1.51±0.30	0.22	0.53	0.11 (0.19)
LDL (mmol/L)	1.89±0.50	2.41±0.43	1.98±0.50	2.10±0.51	0.23	0.43	0.62 (0.75)

Calcium+D, Calcium+vitamin D₃. VFA, visceral fat area. Waist, waist circumference BP, blood pressure. TC, total cholesterol. TG, triglyceride. HDL, high-density lipoproteins. LDL, low-density lipoproteins. Change values=[(mean values wk 12)-(mean values wk 0)].

^a Repeated measures analysis of variance.

^b Adjusted for age, initial calcium intake and baseline body weight.

^c Mean ± standard deviation (all such values).

^d n=20 and 19 for Calcium+D and control groups, respectively.

Zhu et al. Nutrition Journal 2013 12:8 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-8

Table 2