Table 3 |
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|
Folate and Colon / Rectal Cancer. |
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| Reference |
Study |
# Cases |
# Controls |
Outcomes |
Comment |
|
|
|||||
| [195] |
Case / control USA |
35 |
64 |
Folate supplementation = 62% lower incidence of neoplasia |
result not SS |
| [196] |
Case / control NY state |
800 |
Matched neighbor-hood controls |
↑Folate = ↓rectal cancer, OR = 0.5 men, OR = 0.31, women Folate no effect for colon cancer |
SS |
| [197] |
Case / control Majorca, Spain |
286 |
498 |
Colon cancer related to total calories, cholesterol, animal protein, low fiber, low folic acid |
. |
| [198] |
Case / Control Wash. state |
424 |
414 |
↑Alcohol = ↑cancer risk; ↑fiber = ↓risk; no relation to folate intake |
2.5X risk for 30 g/day alcohol |
| [199] |
Nurses' Health Study & Health Professionals Follow-up Study |
564 women, 331 men |
↑folate = ↓risk of colorectal adenoma: ORwomen = 0.66, ORmen = 0.63 |
||
| [200] |
Case / Control, Italy |
1,326 |
2,024 hospital controls |
Protective trends for β-carotene, ascorbic acid, vit E, and folate (OR = 0.32, 0.40, 0.60, 0.52, respectively) |
Similar for colon and rectal cancer |
| [201] |
US male health professional cohort |
205 |
↑Alcohol = ↑colon cancer (OR = 2.07 for ≥ 2 drinks/day; folate weakly protective; ↑Alcohol + ↓folate = ↑colon cancer risk (OR = 3.30) |
||
| [202] |
α-tocopherol, β-carotene study cohort of smokers |
144 |
276 |
↑dietary folate = ↓colon cancer (OR = 1.0, 0.40, 0.34, 0.51, P-trend = 0.15); |
alcohol intake increased risk |
| [203] |
Case control, population based |
Composite dietary profile (alcohol intake, methionine, folate, vit B12, B6) trend of increasing risk for high risk group |
Marginal SS |
||
| [204] |
Nurses' Health Study |
442 |
↑folate intake = ↓colon cancer (OR = 0.69); long-term use of multi-vitamins beneficial |
Folate intake includes multi-vitamins |
|
| [205] |
NYU Women's Health Study |
105 |
523 |
↑folate = ↓colorectal cancer risk (OR = 0.52, P-trend = 0.04 |
Alcohol increased risk |
| [206] |
NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study |
↑folate = ↓colon cancer (ORmen = 0.40, P-trend = 0.03; ↑alcohol, ↓folate = ↑colon cancer (ORmen = 2.67 |
Results not stat. signif in women |
||
| [207] |
Nurses' Health Study |
535 |
↑folate intake = ↓colon cancer in women with family history (OR = 0.48) |
Folate effect greater in women with family history |
|
| [208] |
Canadian National Breast Screening Study |
295 |
5,334 |
↑folate = ↓colorectal cancer (OR = 0.6, P-trend = 0.25 |
Results not SS |
| [209] |
Prospective cohort in The Netherlands |
1,171 |
Rectal: OR, men 0.66, women no trend |
Trends SS only in men |
|
| [210] |
Case / Control Italy |
1,953 |
4,154 |
↑folate = ↓colorectal cancer (OR = 0.72) |
Population drinks alcohol regularly |
| [211] |
Iowa Women's health Study |
721 |
↑folate + (↑B12 or ↑B6) = ↓colon cancer (OR = 0.59, 0.65, respectively |
Nutrients not independent, alcohol increases risk |
|
| [212] |
Case / Control NC state |
613 |
996 |
↑β-carotene, vit C, calcium = 40–60 % ↓risk colon cancer in whites; in African Americans ↑ vit C and E = 50–70% ↓risk colon cancer; no relation to folate to cancer risk |
Colon cancer rates higher in Aftrican Americans in NC; due to less UV light absorption with dark skin? |
| [213] |
Wheat Bran Fiber trial, test for recurrence of adenoma polyps |
1,014 men and women |
↑homocysteine = ↑risk (OR = 0.69); ↑plasma folate = ↓risk (OR = 0.66) ↑folate or B6 intake (diet + supplements) = ↓risk (OR = 0.61 |
SS; cut-off for highest quartile is 664 μg/day (way above RDA) |
|
|
SS = statistically significant | |||||
Donaldson Nutrition Journal 2004 3:19 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-3-19 |
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