Table 5 |
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|
Prospective Studies of Vitamin D and Cancer. |
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| Reference |
Study |
Vit D measure |
# Cases |
# Controls |
Outcomes |
Comment |
|
|
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| [219] |
19-year cohort study of 1,954 men |
Diet history |
↑vit D + calcium = ↓colorectal cancer (rates for lowest to highest intakes were 38.9, 24,5, 22,5 and 14.3/1000 population |
Significant effect even after adjustments for confounding factors; 2.7 fold reduction. |
||
| [220] |
Washington county, Maryland cohort |
Serum 25(OH)D |
34 |
67 matched |
↑serum vit D = ↓colon cancer. Relative risk was 0.25 for 3rd quintile and 0.20 for 4th quintile. |
4–5 fold reduction |
| [221] |
Physicians' Health Study |
Serum 25(OH)D & 1,25(OH)D2 |
232 |
414 |
No relation between vitamin D metabolite levels and prostate cancer |
|
| [222] |
Nurses' Health Study |
Dietary and supplement intake |
Colon cancer RR = 0.42 (SS) for total vitamin D, comparing top and bottom quintiles |
Calcium not related to colon cancer risks; 2.4 fold reduction |
||
| [223] |
Finnish clinical cohort |
Serum 25(OH)D & 1,25(OH)D2 |
146 |
292 |
↑serum 25(OH)D = ↓risk of rectal cancer, RR by quartile = 1.00, 0.93, 0.77, 0.37, P trend = 0.06. |
Serum 25(OH)D 12% lower in cases than in controls (12.2 vs 13.8 ng/l, P = 0.01; 2.7-fold reduction |
| [224] |
NHANES I Follow-up Study |
Sunlight and diet |
190 women |
Cohort matched |
Risk reductions for breast cancer for women in regions with high solar radiation (RR 0.35 – 0.75). |
|
| [225] |
Helsinki Heart Study |
Serum 25(OH)D |
149 |
596 |
↑serum 25(OH)D = ↓prostate cancer. 1.7 fold greater risk for below median level compared to above median level. |
Young men (<52 years old) with low 25(OH)D had much higher risk of advanced prostate cancer (OR = 6.3) |
| [226] |
Randomized controlled trial for colon adenoma recurrence |
Serum 25(OH)D & 1,25(OH)D2, and supplementary calcium |
803 subjects total |
Above medium 25(OH)D and supplemental calcium reduced adenoma recurrence (RR = 0.71) |
Calcium and vitamin D appeared to work together to reduce colon cancer risk. |
|
| [227] |
Norway, Finland, Sweden cohort of men |
Serum 25(OH)D |
622 |
1,451 |
≤ 19 nmol/l and ≥ 80 nmol/l of 25(OH)D at higher risk of prostate cancer. (40–60 nmol/l had lowest risk). |
|
Donaldson Nutrition Journal 2004 3:19 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-3-19 |
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