Figure 4.

The reactive oxygen species – inflammatory cycle: ROS are upstream from the inflammatory cycle Inflammation in MS, PD, overt T2DM, and atheroscleropathy has recently emerged as an important factor. While it has been interesting to observe the development of this exciting story, it is important to remember that reactive oxygen species (ROS) cycle occurs upstream from the inflammatory cycle via the redox sensitive nuclear transcription factor: NF kappa B and the resulting inflammatory markers: Selectins, cellular adhesion molecules, monocyte chemoattractant protein - 1, and the cytokines: TNF alpha, IL-6, IL-8 and the newer clinical laboratory tool of the highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP).