Table 1 |
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|
Characteristics of Kaya pupils and serum retinol changes |
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|
Baseline (T0) |
Endline (T1) |
p value |
|
|
|
|||
|
(n = 214) |
|||
|
% girls |
43.0 |
- |
- |
|
Age (months) |
102 ± 19 |
- |
- |
|
Height-for-age Z-score |
-0.045 ± 1.40 |
-0.15 ± 1.36 |
0.013 |
|
BMI-for-age Z-score |
-1.0 ± 0.89 |
-0.99 ± 1.0 |
0.80 |
|
Serum retinol (μmol/L) |
|||
|
Total |
0.77 ± 0.37 |
1.07 ± 0.4 |
<0.001 |
|
Girls |
0.79 ± 0.37 |
1.16 ± 0.45** |
<0.001 |
|
Boys |
0.78 ± 0.37 |
0.99 ± 0.34** |
<0.001 |
|
Serum retinol <0.70 μmol/L (%) |
|||
|
Total |
47.2 (40.5–53.9) |
13.1 (8,6–17.6) |
<0.001 |
|
Girls |
46.7 (36.7–56.7) |
8.7 (3–14.4) ‡ |
<0.001 |
|
Boys |
47.5 (38.7–56.3) |
16.4 (9.9–22.9) ‡ |
<0.001 |
|
Serum retinol <0.35 μmol/L (%) |
15.0(8.0–22.0) ‡‡ |
0 |
- |
|
Mean serum retinol change in <0.7 μmol/L subjects at baseline n = 101 (%) |
- |
48.7† ± 23.5 |
- |
|
Mean serum retinol change in ≥0.70 μmol/L subjects at baseline n = 113 (%) |
- |
-10.0† ± 43.4 |
- |
|
|
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|
Mean ± SD or % (CI 95%) ** At T1, mean serum retinol significantly higher in girls than in boys (p = 0. 02) ‡ At T1, rate of low serum retinol tends to be lower in girls (p = 0.098) ‡‡ The rate of very low serum retinol not different in boys and girls (p = 0.20) † Change = [100*(Serum retinol T1 – serum retinol T0)/Serum retinol T0], significantly higher (p < 0.001) in deficient subjects at baseline |
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|
Zeba et al. Nutrition Journal 2006 5:17 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-5-17 |
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