|
Background characteristics of the participants, means (SD) or numbers (%) |
|||
| Intervention group (n = 48) |
Control group (n = 37) |
p-value |
|
|
|
|||
| Age at 2 months postpartum (y) |
29.5 (3.9) |
28.3 (4.4) |
0.21 |
| Education level, n (%) |
0.46 |
||
| basic or secondary education |
23 (48) |
17 (46) |
|
| polytechnic education |
8 (17) |
10 (27) |
|
| University education |
17 (35) |
10 (27) |
|
| Smoking status1, n (%) |
0.22 |
||
| Non-smoker before and after pregnancy |
30 (68) |
20 (57) |
|
| Smoker before pregnancy and non-smoker after pregnancy |
5 (11) |
2 (6) |
|
| Smoker before and after pregnancy |
9 (21) |
13 (37) |
|
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) |
22.7 (3.7) |
22.1 (2.3) |
0.36 |
| Total gestational weight gain (kg) |
16.2 (5.0) |
15.3 (5.0) |
0.41 |
| Gestational weight gain, n (%) |
0.78 |
||
| Below recommendations37 |
9 (19) |
9 (24) |
|
| Within recommendations |
13 (28) |
11 (30) |
|
| Exceeding recommendations |
25 (53) |
17 (46) |
|
| Body weight at 2 months postpartum (kg) |
67.1 (11.1) |
64.7 (7.8) |
0.26 |
| Weight retention at 2 months postpartum compared to pre-pregnancy weight (kg) |
4.3 (4.0) |
4.2 (3.9) |
0.91 |
| BMI at 2 months postpartum (kg/m2) |
24.3 (3.8) |
23.6 (2.5) |
0.30 |
| by BMI groups, n (%) |
0.25 |
||
| 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 |
30 (63) |
27 (73) |
|
| 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 |
15 (31) |
10 (27) |
|
| ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 |
3 (6) |
0 (0) |
|
| Waist circumference at 2 months postpartum (cm) |
81.8 (9.0) |
81.1 (6.7) |
0.66 |
|
1 Smokers include both daily and occasional smokers. Smoking status was assessed for the periods of 0–6 months before pregnancy and 4–10 months postpartum | |||
Kinnunen et al. Nutrition Journal 2007 6:21 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-6-21 |
|||