Table 1 |
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|
BMI (or weight), smoking status, and vitamin C intake of participants involved in studies included in the meta-analysis |
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|
Measured Vitamin C intake (mg/d) |
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|
|
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|
Study |
BMI/Weight (kg) |
Smoking Status |
DR/WR/FR |
FFQ |
|
|
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|
1. Bingham et al., 1995 [12] |
NR |
NR |
87 (56) |
122 (53) |
|
Taken from 1994 |
||||
|
2. Block et al., 2001 [33] |
Wt = 82.6 (11.0) |
non-smoker |
NR |
NR |
|
3. Boeing et al., 1997 [34] |
NR |
adjusted for smoking |
NR |
NR |
|
4. Bolton-Smith et al., 1991 [28] |
non-smoker |
|||
|
both gender |
25.8 (3.2) |
61.1 (24.8) |
||
|
5. Chiplonkar et al., 2002 [35] |
NR |
NR |
NR |
|
|
Men |
BMI = 20.8 (3.3) |
|||
|
Women |
BMI = 20.8 (3.9) |
|||
|
6. Costa de Carvalho et al., 1996 [36] |
NR |
|||
|
Men |
BMI = 24.8 (3.5) |
88 (79) |
||
|
Women |
BMI = 22.4 (3.4) |
83 (77) |
||
|
7. Cooney et al., 1995 [37] |
NR |
Non-smoker |
NR |
NR |
|
8. Drewnowski et al., 1997 [15] |
NR |
NR |
NR |
|
|
Men |
BMI = 24.4 |
|||
|
Women |
BMI = 22.6 |
|||
|
9. EPIC group of Spain, 1997 [38] |
DH |
|||
|
Men |
NR |
NR |
100.9 (50.1) |
116.4 (86) |
|
Women |
110.8 (57) |
121.9 (72.3) |
||
|
10. Faruque et al., 1995 [39] |
||||
|
both gender |
20.0 (0.4) |
Non-smoker |
83.4 (7.5) |
------ |
|
11. Hudiburgh et al., 1979 [40] |
||||
|
Women |
NR |
NR |
140 (148) |
------ |
|
12. Jacques et al., 1993 [41] |
||||
|
Men |
NR |
NR |
------ |
256 (154) |
|
Women |
221 (154) |
|||
|
13. Katsouyanni et al., 1997 [42] |
||||
|
Men |
non-smoker |
170.3 (59.1) |
304.8 (145.5) |
|
|
Women |
145.7 (44.7) |
327.5 (170.1) |
||
|
14. Lori et al., 1998 [43] |
||||
|
Men |
73.1 |
|||
|
Women |
75.2 |
|||
|
15. Malekshah et al., 2006 [44] |
||||
|
Men |
24.0 (3.9) |
NR |
45 (21) |
89 (54) |
|
Women |
26.5 (5.8) |
37 (24) |
69 (42) |
|
|
16. McKeowen et al., 2001 [45] |
||||
|
Men |
27 (3) |
NR |
77 (34) |
111 (41) |
|
Women |
25 (4) |
95 (48) |
132 (65) |
|
|
17. Palli et al., 1999 [46] |
* |
adjusted for smoking |
||
|
Men |
------ |
92.7 (2.0) |
||
|
Women |
95.4 (2.2) |
|||
|
18. Porrini et al., 1995 [47] |
21.1 (2.7) |
Non-smoker |
||
|
both gender |
86.4 (39.7) |
108.7 (49.2) |
||
|
19. Riemersma et al., 2000 [48] |
26.1 (0.3) |
adjusted for smoking |
------ |
54.8 (1.8) |
|
20. Rousseau et al. 2004 [49] |
2.4 (2.5) |
Non-smoker |
------ |
|
|
21. Schroder et al., 2001 [50] |
||||
|
both gender |
22.4 (2.9) |
8% smoker |
105 (100) |
267 (182) |
|
22. Simon et al., 2001 [2] |
25.5–26.6 |
Adjusted |
------ |
|
|
23. Sinha et al., 1992 [51] |
Wt = 80.9 (1.34) kg |
Non-smoker |
------ |
155 (11.0) |
|
24. Tusgane et al., 1998 [52] |
Adjusted for smoking |
55.7 |
||
|
25. Wright et al., 1995 [53] |
Normal population |
Smoker and non-smoker |
||
|
Men |
66 (5) |
|||
|
Women |
72 (5) |
|||
|
|
||||
|
*317 subject < 23.4, 322 subjects 23.4–26.3, 306 subjects > 26.3 NR not reported NA not available DH dietary history |
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|
Dehghan et al. Nutrition Journal 2007 6:41 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-6-41 |
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