Table 3 |
||
|
Glycemic, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses to whey peptide (NOP-47) and placebo. |
||
|
Variables |
NOP-47 |
Placebo |
|
|
||
|
Serum Glucose (mg/dL) |
||
|
Pre (Pre-Supplementation) |
93.2 ± 6.5 |
96.6 ± 9.0 |
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) |
93.9 ± 7.6 |
93.6 ± 7.0 |
|
15 min |
93.7 ± 7.6 |
92.8 ± 6.0 |
|
30 min |
94.1 ± 7.11 |
92.5 ± 6.1 |
|
45 min |
93.5 ± 6.7 |
92.3 ± 5.8 |
|
60 min |
93.0 ± 6.5 |
92.6 ± 7.0 |
|
90 min |
93.7 ± 6.4 |
92.7 ± 6.6 |
|
120 min |
93.4 ± 6.9 |
91.2 ± 6.5 |
|
Serum FRAP (μmol/L of Trolox Equivalents) |
||
|
Pre (Pre-Supplementation) |
364 ± 93 |
385 ± 78 |
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) |
354 ± 82 |
347 ± 67 |
|
15 min |
370 ± 82 |
359 ± 76 |
|
30 min* |
375 ± 80 |
369 ± 86 |
|
45 min |
351 ± 78 |
366 ± 86 |
|
60 min |
364 ± 76 |
358 ± 72 |
|
90 min |
341 ± 73 |
359 ± 79 |
|
120 min |
349 ± 76 |
349 ± 69 |
|
Plasma MPO (pmol/L) |
||
|
Pre (Pre-Supplementation) |
397 ± 162 |
362 ± 116 |
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) |
374 ± 117 |
347 ± 123 |
|
15 min |
372 ± 118 |
361 ± 136 |
|
30 min |
382 ± 145 |
358 ± 126 |
|
45 min |
400 ± 132 |
366 ± 124 |
|
60 min* |
431 ± 136 |
390 ± 133 |
|
90 min* |
420 ± 125 |
394 ± 112 |
|
120 min |
392 ± 135 |
377 ± 115 |
|
Plasma CRP (mg/dL) |
||
|
Pre (Pre-Supplementation) |
1.05 ± 0.88 |
1.75 ± 3.14 |
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) |
1.24 ± 1.51 |
1.11 ± 1.42 |
|
15 min |
1.33 ± 1.73 |
1.01 ± 1.23 |
|
30 min |
1.33 ± 1.77 |
1.14 ± 1.59 |
|
45 min |
1.29 ± 1.75 |
1.15 ± 1.61 |
|
60 min |
1.31 ± 1.77 |
1.08 ± 1.45 |
|
90 min |
1.31 ± 1.75 |
1.09 ± 1.46 |
|
120 min |
1.24 ± 1.65 |
1.02 ± 1.43 |
|
Plasma MDA (μmol/L) |
||
|
Pre (Pre-Supplementation) |
0.31 ± 0.13 |
0.37 ± 0.16 |
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) |
0.32 ± 0.13 |
0.31 ± 0.13 |
|
15 min |
0.31 ± 0.13 |
0.30 ± 0.12 |
|
30 min |
0.33 ± 0.13 |
0.30 ± 0.11 |
|
45 min |
0.34 ± 0.14 |
0.31 ± 0.12 |
|
60 min |
0.32 ± 0.12 |
0.30 ± 0.14 |
|
90 min |
0.32 ± 0.15 |
0.30 ± 0.15 |
|
120 min |
0.32 ± 0.16 |
0.30 ± 0.14 |
|
sE-selectin (ng/mL) |
||
|
Pre (Pre-Supplementation) |
22.6 ± 7.4 |
20.7 ± 8.5 |
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) |
19.6 ± 7.3 |
19.2 ± 7.3 |
|
60 min |
20.0 ± 8.5 |
19.0 ± 7.6 |
|
120 min |
19.7 ± 8.7 |
20.4 ± 8.6 |
|
sICAM-1 (ng/mL) |
||
|
Pre (Pre-Supplementation) |
104 ± 17 |
95 ± 25 |
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) |
100 ± 21 |
97 ± 13 |
|
60 min |
96 ± 16 |
94 ± 21 |
|
120 min |
96 ± 16 |
97 ± 17 |
|
sVCAM-1 (ng/mL) |
||
|
Pre (Pre-Supplementation) |
756 ± 145 |
732 ± 125 |
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) |
712 ± 124 |
709 ± 143 |
|
60 min |
701 ± 112 |
700 ± 144 |
|
120 min |
710 ± 118 |
719 ± 186 |
|
IL-6 (pg/mL) |
||
|
Pre (Pre-Supplementation) |
493 ± 1162 |
473 ± 1077 |
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) |
417 ± 1002 |
492 ± 1238 |
|
60 min |
563 ± 1441 |
504 ± 1266 |
|
120 min |
579 ± 1536 |
483 ± 1133 |
|
IL-8 (pg/mL) |
||
|
Pre (Pre-Supplementation) |
158 ± 243 |
139 ± 213 |
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) |
105 ± 183 |
159 ± 288 |
|
60 min |
155 ± 323 |
164 ± 300 |
|
120 min |
187 ± 370 |
183 ± 331 |
|
MCP-1 (pg/mL) |
||
|
Pre (Pre-Supplementation) |
435 ± 306 |
305 ± 132 |
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) |
428 ± 282 |
427 ± 244 |
|
60 min |
447 ± 322 |
423 ± 276 |
|
120 min |
398 ± 286 |
427 ± 316 |
|
TNF-alpha (pg/mL) |
||
|
Pre (Pre-Supplementation) |
39 ± 70 |
43 ± 89 |
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) |
19 ± 35 |
41 ± 105 |
|
60 min |
39 ± 93 |
47 ± 120 |
|
120 min |
63 ± 193 |
54 ± 141 |
|
VEGF (pg/mL) |
||
|
Pre (Pre-Supplementation) |
1320 ± 1394 |
1189 ± 1328 |
|
Pre-Ingestion (2 wk Post) |
994 ± 1080 |
1206 ± 1435 |
|
60 min |
1096 ± 1278 |
1201 ± 1401 |
|
120 min |
1206 ± 1406 |
1273 ± 1548 |
|
|
||
|
Values are mean ± SD. *Significant main time effect, P < 0.05 from Pre-Ingestion. FRAP = ferric-reducing ability of plasma; MPO = myeloperoxidase; CRP = C-reactive protein; MDA = malondialdehyde; sICAM-1 = soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; sVAM-1 = soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1; IL-6 = interleukin-6; MCP-1 = monocyte chemotactic protein-1; TNF-alpha = tumor necrosis factor alpha; VEGF = Vascular endothelial growth factor. |
||
|
Ballard et al. Nutrition Journal 2009 8:34 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-8-34 |
||
