Table 1 |
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|
Baseline characteristics of the control, daily supplementation, and twice weekly supplementation groups |
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|
Control |
Twice weekly |
Daily |
P1 |
|
|
(n = 110) |
(n = 111) |
(n = 110) |
||
|
|
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|
Age, months |
31.1 ± 14.6ª |
32.4 ± 14.6 |
32.0 ± 13.3 |
0.793 |
|
Sex, male [% ] |
34.5 |
46.8 |
42.7 |
0.168 |
|
Maternal age, year |
28.4 ± 6.8 |
29.5 ± 8.4 |
29.0 ± 7.1 |
0.583 |
|
Maternal education, year |
6.74 ± 3.1 |
6.38 ± 3.2 |
6.35 ± 3.6 |
0.637 |
|
Mothers working outside [% ] |
93.6 |
84.7 |
90.9 |
0.080 |
|
High SES2[%)] |
31.8 |
30.6 |
31.8 |
0.976 |
|
Household having > 6 members [% ] |
49.1 |
49.5 |
58.2 |
0.314 |
|
Breastfeed infants[%] |
33.6 |
23.4 |
20.9 |
0.074 |
|
Commercial baby formula [%] |
19.1 |
13.5 |
19.1 |
0.473 |
|
Complementary food: Rice [%] |
60.9 |
59.5 |
58.2 |
0.473 |
|
Meat [%(] |
77.3 |
64.9 |
61.8 |
0.034 |
|
Egg [%(] |
50.0 |
57.7 |
53.6 |
0.521 |
|
Haemoglobin concentration, g/L |
114.3 ± 15.2 |
105.1 ± 13.3 |
107.1 ± 13.0 |
< 0.001 |
|
Anaemia, [% ] |
34.5 |
58.6 |
53.6 |
< 0.001 |
|
Weight, kg |
11.0 ± 2.5 |
11.3 ± 2.5 |
11.3 ± 2.5 |
0.637 |
|
Height, cm |
84.2 ± 10.6 |
85.9 ± 10.8 |
85.6 ± 10.4 |
0.441 |
|
Weight-for-height Z-score |
-0.48 ± 1.01 |
-0.63 ± 1.12 |
-0.53 ± 0.98 |
0.544 |
|
Height-for-age Z-score |
-1.84 ± 1.62 |
-1.65 ± 1.70 |
-1.73 ± 1.53 |
0.677 |
|
Weight-for-age Z-score |
-1.38 ± 1.13 |
-1.38 ± 1.16 |
-1.36 ± 1.10 |
0.990 |
|
Wasting3 [% |
4.5 |
9.9 |
7.3 |
0.307 |
|
Stunting4 [%] |
44.5 |
42.3 |
40.4 |
0.792 |
|
Underweight5 [% ] |
27.3 |
30.6 |
27.3 |
0.815 |
|
|
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|
aMean ± standard deviations (SD) (all such value, except where indicated otherwise) 1Based on ANOVA (continuous variables) or Chi-square tests (categorical variables) 2 Socio-economic status "high" is defined as household with electricity, improved water source and latrine and "low" is lacking one or all of these. 3Wasting: Percentage below -2 standard deviations (SD) for weight-for-length/height Z-scores based on WHO child growth standard 4Stunting: Percentage below -2 standard deviations (SD) for length/height-for-age Z-scores based on WHO child growth standard 5Underweight: Percentage below -2 standard deviations (SD) for weight-for-age Z-scores based on WHO child growth standard |
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|
Kounnavong et al. Nutrition Journal 2011 10:129 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-129 |
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