Table 5 |
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|
Effect of probiotics on acute post exercise cytokine response (factor changes) |
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|
Probiotic group (mean ×/÷ SD) |
Placebo group (mean ± SD) |
Ratio effect of probiotic treatment relative to placebo (mean; 99% CI) |
Qualitative inference |
|
|
|
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|
Males |
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|
Anti-inflammatory |
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|
IL-1ra |
0.84 ×/÷ 2.42 |
1.39 ×/÷ 1.42 |
0.60; 0.41 to 0.88 |
Very Likely ↓ |
|
IL-10 |
0.95 ×/÷ 1.69 |
1.16 ×/÷ 1.44 |
0.78: 0.61 to 0.99 |
Possible ↓ |
|
Immuno-regulatory |
||||
|
IL-6 |
0.92 ×/÷ 2.14 |
1.22 ×/÷ 2.1 |
0.75; 0.51 to 1.1 |
Likely ↓ |
|
Pro-inflammatory |
||||
|
IL-8 |
0.80 ×/÷2.46 |
0.87 ×/÷ 2.02 |
0.71; 0.60 to 1.25 |
Unclear |
|
GM-CSF |
0.78 ×/÷ 2.66 |
1.75 ×/÷ 2.20 |
0.45; 0.28 to 0.72 |
Very Likely ↓ |
|
IFN-γ |
1.2 ×/÷ 2.30 |
1.49 ×/÷ 2.10 |
0.81; 0.54 to 1.21 |
Likely ↓ |
|
TNF-α |
1.27 ×/÷ 2.02 |
1.66 ×/÷ 2.22 |
0.77; 0.51 to 1.14 |
Likely ↓ |
|
Females |
||||
|
Anti-inflammatory |
||||
|
IL-1ra |
0.80 ×/÷ 2.44 |
1.88 ×/÷ 2.16 |
0.42; 0.23 to 0.78 |
Very Likely ↓ |
|
IL-10 |
0.89 ×/÷ 1.84 |
1.45 ×/÷ 2.03 |
0.61; 0.38 to 1.0 |
Possible ↓ |
|
Immuno-regulatory |
||||
|
IL-6 |
0.71 ×/÷ 2.93 |
2.29 ×/÷ 4.8 |
0.31; 0.11 to 0.84 |
Likely ↓ |
|
Pro-inflammatory |
||||
|
IL-8 |
0.71 ×/÷ 2.7 |
1.15 ×/÷ 2.5 |
0.62; 0.30 to 1.27 |
Probably ↓ |
|
GM-CSF |
0.85 ×/÷ 2.75 |
3.3 ×/÷ 3.9 |
0.25; 0.10 to 0.64 |
Very Likely ↓ |
|
IFN-γ |
1.07 ×/÷ 2.8 |
1.56 ×/÷ 2.1 |
0.68; 0.47 to 1.0 |
Likely ↓ |
|
TNF-α |
1.15 ×/÷ 2.0 |
1.72 ×/÷ 1.8 |
0.67 0.47 to 0.94 |
likely ↓ |
|
|
||||
|
SD, factor standard deviation; CI, confidence interval. Smallest clinically important values for assessing effects qualitatively: ratios, × ÷1.20; differences, ± 0.5. |
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|
West et al. Nutrition Journal 2011 10:30 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-30 |
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