Table 3

Reports of fruits and vegetables intake by food frequency and 24 hour recall methods.

Control

Group

(n = 83)

Intervention

Group

(n = 80)

Crude OR

(95% CI)

Adjusted OR^§

(95% CI)

FFQ report of five or more fruit & vegetable servings per day

18 %

40 %

3.0*

(1.5 to 6.2)

3.0

(1.4 to 6.4)

24 hour recall of fruits or vegetables intake the previous day at:

breakfast

46 %

64 %

2.0**

(1.1 to 3.7)

1.6

(0.85 to 3.1)

lunch

59 %

74 %

1.8**

(.96 to 3.5)

1.5

(.77 to 3.1)

dinner

69%

89%

3.6**

(1.2 to 7.8)

3.8

(1.6 to 9.4)

snacks

25%

41%

1.8**

(1.0 to 3.1)

1.8

(.91 to 3.1)

Sum of three or more times throughout the day

32%

61%

3.4**

(1.9 to 6.1)

2.8

(1.6 to 5.2)

*OR estimated via multiple logistic regression as the odds of 5 or more servings per day vs. fewer than 5 for intervention group as compared to control group.

** OR is the odds of having reported eating a fruit or vegetable in the specific meal (yes vs. no), or 3 or more times in the day (vs. under 3 times), compared to the control group, as estimated by logistic regression.

^§ Adjusted by multiple logistic regression for age, education level, race/ethnicity, self-perceived health status, and time since last medical check-up.

Miller et al. Nutrition Journal 2008 7:18   doi:10.1186/1475-2891-7-18