Table 4

Mean ± SD^c of urinalysis values of male and female rats administered PGX^® for 90 days

Parameter (units)

Control

1.25%

2.5%

5.0%

Males

Volume (mL)

3.0 ± 1.5

4.0 ± 1.7

6.3 ± 4.6

6.4 ± 3.3^a

Specific Gravity

1.074 ± 0.02

1.060 ± 0.017

1.054 ± 0.025

1.045 ± 0.018^b

pH

6.2 ± 0.3

6.4 ± 0.3

6.6 ± 0.3^b

7.1 ± 0.5^b

Urobilinogen (EU/dL)

0.6 ± 0.4

0.4 ± 0.4

0.4 ± 0.3

0.5 ± 0.4

Total Protein (mg/dL)

876+683

808 ± 279

745 ± 412

457 ± 346

Females

Volume (mL)

2.9 ± 3.3

4.0 ± 2.7

1.0 ± 1.0

6.8 ± 2.9^a

Specific Gravity

1.055 ± 0.026

1.042 ± 0.017

1.070 ± 0.011

1.027 ± 0.008^b

pH

6.0 ± 0.0

6.2 ± 0.4

6.1 ± 0.2

6.9 ± 0.2^a

Urobilinogen (EU/dL)

0.3 ± 0.3

0.3 ± 0.3

0.4 ± 0.4

0.2 ± 0.0

Total Protein (mg/dL)

258 ± 245

196 ± 374

111 ± 66

61 ± 46^a

^aP ≤ 0.05 by Dunn's test; ^bP ≤ 0.05 by Dunnett/Tamhane-Dunnett test; ^cSD = standard deviation

Matulka et al. Nutrition Journal 2009 8:1   doi:10.1186/1475-2891-8-1