Table 1 |
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Characteristics of study subjects categorized by fasting glucose tolerance status |
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P-Values |
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|
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|
Parameter |
NFG |
IFG |
Diabetes |
NFG vs. IFG |
NFG vs. Diabetes |
IFG vs. Diabetes |
|
|
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|
Total Number, M/F (n/n) |
19 (5/14) |
19 (9/10) |
35 (28/7) |
0.313 |
< 0.001 |
0.031 |
|
Age (years) |
45.1 ± 4.2 |
45.7 ± 3.3 |
61.0 ± 2.0 |
0.989 |
<0.001 |
0.002 |
|
BMI (kg/m2) |
25.8 ± 1.0 |
29.3 ± 1.2 |
32.7 ± 0.7 |
0.071 |
< 0.001 |
0.045 |
|
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) |
5.35 ± 0.39 |
5.17 ± 0.24 |
4.72 ± 0.17 |
0.903 |
0.202 |
0.437 |
|
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) |
3.19 ± 0.35 |
2.96 ± 0.18 |
2.69 ± 0.14 |
0.799 |
0.246 |
0.649 |
|
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) |
1.53 ± 0.09 |
1.44 ± 0.12 |
1.07 ± 0.05 |
0.758 |
< 0.001 |
0.005 |
|
Triglycerides (mmol/L) |
1.38 ± 0.18 |
1.73 ± 0.27 |
2.29 ± 0.25 |
0.695 |
0.048 |
0.308 |
|
Systolic BP (mm Hg) |
117.0 ± 3.4 |
122.6 ± 3.3 |
129.1 ± 2.3 |
0.484 |
0.015 |
0.284 |
|
Diastolic BP (mm Hg) |
72.6 ± 1.9 |
78.2 ± 1.8 |
77.1 ± 1.6 |
0.165 |
0.214 |
0.918 |
|
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) |
5.22 ± 0.05 |
5.87 ± 0.06 |
7.53 ± 0.29 |
0.249 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
|
Fasting insulin (pmol/L) |
52.8 ± 6.0 |
82.0 ± 11.0 |
124.8 ± 13.9 |
0.373 |
< 0.001 |
0.068 |
|
Fasting C-peptide (nmol/L) |
0.63 ± 0.05 |
0.89 ± 0.08 |
1.27 ± 0.08 |
0.110 |
< 0.001 |
0.004 |
|
HbA1C (%) |
5.2 ± 0.1 |
5.2 ± 0.1 |
6.7 ± 0.1 |
0.907 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
|
Glucose AUC (h*mmol/L) |
11.1 ± 0.5 |
14.1 ± 0.8 |
23.1 ± 0.8 |
0.059 |
< 0.001 |
< 0.001 |
|
Insulin AUC (h*pmol/L) |
894 ± 121 |
1346 ± 180 |
922 ± 103 |
0.102 |
0.988 |
0.075 |
|
C-peptide AUC (h*nmol/L) |
4.2 ± 0.3 |
5.6 ± 0.4 |
4.7 ± 0.3 |
0.032 |
0.531 |
0.162 |
|
AUCins/glu (pmol/mmol) |
78.6 ± 8.8 |
95.5 ± 12.2 |
40.7 ± 4.4 |
0.398 |
0.003 |
< 0.001 |
|
HOMA2-IR |
1.00 ± 0.11 |
1.57 ± 0.21 |
2.48 ± 0.26 |
0.346 |
< 0.001 |
0.037 |
|
HOMA2-%B |
83.7 ± 5.9 |
89.5 ± 7.9 |
86.7 ± 10.6 |
0.936 |
0.976 |
0.981 |
|
Matsuda Index |
15.6 ± 2.0 |
8.8 ± 1.2 |
6.0 ± 0.6 |
0.003 |
< 0.001 |
0.254 |
|
|
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|
Values are mean ± SEM unless otherwise specified. Abbreviations: AUC = area under the curve, AUCins/glu= ratio of the total areas under the curve for insulin and glucose, BMI = body mass index, BP = blood pressure, HbA1c = glycosylated hemoglobin, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, HOMA2-IR = homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA2-%B = homeostasis model assessment of pancreatic beta-cell function, IFG = impaired fasting glucose, LDL = low-density lipoprotein, M/F = male/female, NFG = normal fasting glucose, Diabetes = type 2 diabetes mellitus |
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|
Maki et al. Nutrition Journal 2009 8:22 doi:10.1186/1475-2891-8-22 |
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